JLPT N3 Grammar — Japanese Language Proficiency Test

#	Japanese	Romaji	English
1	上げる	ageru	to finish doing
2	あまり	amari	so much... that
3	あまりにも	amari ni mo	too...; so much... that; excessively ~
4	合う	au	do something together
5	ばいい	ba ii	should, can, it'd be good if
6	ばよかった	ba yokatta	should have, would have been better if ~
7	ば〜ほど	ba hodo	the more... the more
8	ば〜のに	ba noni	would have; should have; if only ~
9	ばかりで	bakari de	only; just (negative description)
10	ばかりでなく	bakari denaku	not only.. but also; as well as
11	べきだ	beki da	should do~; must do
12	べきではない	beki dewa nai	should not do~; must not do ~
13	別に〜ない	betsu ni nai	not really, not particularly
14	ぶりに	buri ni	for the first time in (period of time)
15	中	chuu/juu	currently; during; throughout
16	だけ	dake	as much as ~
17	だけでなく	dake de naku	not only... but also
18	だけど	dakedo	however; but
19	だらけ	darake	full of; covered with; a lot of ~
20	どんなに〜ても	donna ni temo	no matter how (much)
21	どうしても	doushitemo	no matter what; at any cost; after all
22	ふりをする	furi o suru	to pretend; to act as if ~
23	ふと	futo	suddenly; accidentally; unexpectedly
24	がち	gachi	tend to; tendency to; frequently; often ~
25	がたい	gatai	very difficult to; impossible to
26	気味	gimi	-like; -looking; -looked; tending to
27	ごとに	goto ni	each; every; at intervals of
28	ほど	hodo	degree; extent; bounds; upper limit
29	ほど〜ない	hodo nai	is not as... as
30	一度に	ichido ni	all at once
31	いくら〜ても	ikura~temo	no matter how ~
32	一方だ	ippou da	more and more; continue to
33	一体	ittai	emphasis; what on earth?
34	じゃない	janai	maybe; most likely; confirmation
35	か何か	ka nani ka	or something
36	かける	kakeru	half-; not yet finished; in the middle of ~
37	から〜にかけて	kara ni kakete	through; from [A] to [B]
38	代わりに	kawari ni	instead of; in exchange for ~
39	結果	kekka	as a result of; after
40	結局	kekkyoku	after all; eventually; in the end
41	決して〜ない	kesshite nai	never; by no means
42	切れない	kirenai	unable to do; too much to finish
43	きり	kiri	only; just; since; after
44	切る	kiru	to do something completely to the end
45	つけ	kke	casual suffix to confirm something
46	込む	komu	Move inside; do a long time
47	こそ	koso	for sure; precisely; definitely
48	こと	koto	(must) do
49	ことから	koto kara	from the fact that ~
50	ことになっている	koto ni natteiru	to be expected to; it has been decided ~
51	ことはない	koto wa nai	there is no need to; no possibility that ~
52	ことは〜が	koto wa~ga	although; but
53	くらい・ぐらい	kurai / gurai	approximately; about; to the extent
54	くせに	kuse ni	although; despite the fact that ~
55	まるで	maru de	as if; as though; just like
56	まさか	masaka	there's no way; that's impossible
57	めったに〜ない	metta ni nai	hardly; rarely; seldom
58	も〜ば〜も	mo~ba~mo	and; also; as well; either/or; neither
59	もしかしたら	moshika shitara	perhaps; maybe; perchance; by chance
60	もしも〜たら	moshimo tara	if; in the case; supposing ~
61	向け	muke	intended for; aimed at ~
62	向き	muki	suitable for ~
63	むしろ	mushiro	rather; instead; better
64	ながらも	nagara mo	but; although; despite
65	ないことはない	nai koto wa nai	can do~; is not impossible to~
66	ないと	naito	must do; unless/if you don't~
67	なかなか	nakanaka	quite~; pretty~; rather~; just not ~
68	なんか/ なんて	nanka / nante	examples; modesty; make light of~
69	直す	naosu	to do something again; to do over
70	なるべく	naru beku	as much as possible
71	なぜなら	nazenara	because; the reason is
72	んだって	ndatte	I hear that; heard that ~
73	に違いない	ni chigai nai	I'm sure/certain; no doubt that
74	に反して	ni hanshite	against; contrary to; in contrast to
75	にかけて	ni kakete	over (a period); concerning; regarding ~
76	に関する	ni kan suru	about; regarding; related to
77	にかわって	ni kawatte	instead of~; replacing~; on behalf of ~
78	に比べて	ni kurabete	compared to~; in comparison to~
79	に慣れる	ni nareru	to be used to something
80	において	ni oite	in; at (place); regarding~; as for ~
81	にしたがって	ni shitagatte	as; therefore; in accordance with
82	にしても	ni shite mo	even if; even though; regardless of
83	にしては	ni shite wa	for; considering it's
84	に対して	ni taishite	towards; against; regarding ~
85	にとって	ni totte	to; for; concerning; regarding
86	について	ni tsuite	concerning; regarding; about; on
87	につれて	ni tsurete	as; in proportion to; with; as... then...
88	には	ni wa	for the purpose of; in order to ~
89	によると/によれば	ni yoru to/ni yoreba	according to
90	によって / による	ni yotte / ni yoru	by means of; due to; because of ~
91	のでしょうか	no deshou ka	ask a question in a polite way
92	を中心に	o chuushin ni	focused on; centered on
93	をはじめ	o hajime	for example; starting with
94	を込めて	o komete	filled with; full of
95	を通じて/を通して	o tsuujite/o tooshite	through; via; throughout; by
96	おかげで	okage de	thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
97	っぱなし	ppanashi	leaving (something) on / still in use
98	っぽい	ppoi	seems; somewhat; -ish; easily does ~
99	さえ	sae	even; so much as; not even
100	さえ〜ば	sae ba	if only; as long as
101	際に	sai ni	when; at the time of; in the case of
102	最中に	saichuu ni	while; during; in the middle of
103	さらに	sara ni	furthermore; again; more and more
104	さて	sate	conjunction: well; now; then
105	せいで	sei de	because of; due to; as a result of ~
106	せいぜい	seizei	at the most; at best; to the utmost
107	しばらく	shibaraku	for a moment; for a while
108	しかない	shikanai	have no choice but ~
109	そのために	sono tame ni	hence; for that reason; because of ~
110	それとも	soretomo	or; or else
111	そうもない	sou mo nai	very unlikely to~; showing no signs of ~
112	すでに	sude ni	something has already been done
113	すなわち	sunawachi	in other words; namely
114	数量+は	suuryou + wa	at least
115	たものだ	ta mono da	used to do; would often do
116	たとたん	ta totan	as soon as; just as
117	たびに	tabi ni	whenever; every time
118	ために	tame ni	for; in order to; for the benefit of
119	確かに	tashika ni	surely, certainly
120	たて	tate	just done; freshly done; newly done
121	たとえ〜ても	tatoe temo	even if... is the case
122	例えば	tatoeba	for example
123	たって	tatte	even if; even though; no matter how
124	てばかりいる	te bakari iru	only; nothing but
125	てごらん	te goran	(please) try to; (please) look
126	てはじめて	te hajimete	not until; only after [x] did I
127	てからでないと	te kara de nai to	must first do; cannot do without ~
128	てしょうがない	te shou ga nai	can't help but~; very; extremely
129	て済む	te sumu	sufficient by; resolve by ~
130	てはいけないから	te wa ikenai kara	in order to not ~
131	ている場合じゃない	teiru baai janai	this is no time to be doing ~
132	的	teki	change noun into na-adjective or adverb
133	ても始まらない	temo hajimaranai	even if you... it's no use
134	てもかまわない	temo kamawanai	it doesn't matter if ~
135	てもしょうがない	temo shou ga nai	there's no point to~; it's no use to ~
136	と言えば	to ieba	speaking of; when you talk of~
137	といい/たらいい	to ii / tara ii	it would be nice if; should; I hope ~
138	といっても	to ittemo	although I say; although one might say ~
139	ということだ	to iu koto da	I heard; it means~; in other words ~
140	というのは	to iu nowa	this means~; because~; that is to say
141	と言うと	to iu to	speaking of; when you say ~
142	というより	to iu yori	rather than ~
143	とみえる/とみえて	to mieru / to miete	it seems that ~
144	とすれば	to sureba	in the case of~; assuming~; if A then B
145	と共に	to tomo ni	together with; at the same time as
146	途中で	tochuu de	on the way; in the middle of ~
147	ところで	tokoro de	by the way
148	ところが	tokoro ga	even so; however; even though ~
149	とおりに	toori ni	in the same way as; in the way; as ~
150	通す	toosu	to do until the end; to continually do
151	として	toshite	as; in the role of ~
152	とても〜ない	totemo~nai	cannot possibly be; hardly ~
153	とは限らない	towa kagiranai	not necessarily so; is not always true
154	つい	tsui	accidentally; unintentionally
155	ついに	tsui ni	finally~; at last ~; in the end
156	ついでに	tsuide ni	while, incidentally, at the same time
157	つまり	tsumari	in other words; in summary; in short
158	つもりだった	tsumori datta	I thought I~; I believe I did ~
159	つもりで	tsumori de	with the intention of doing ~
160	うちに	uchi ni	while; before~
161	上で	ue de	upon; after; when; for; in order to
162	上に	ue ni	as well; not only... but also
163	は別として	wa betsu toshite	aside from; whether or not ~
164	はもちろん	wa mochiron	not to mention; not only; but also
165	は〜で有名	wa~de yuumei	famous for ~
166	わけだ	wake da	for that reason; no wonder
167	わけではない	wake dewa nai	it doesn't mean that ~
168	わけがない	wake ga nai	there is no way that ~
169	わけにはいかない	wake niwa ikanai	must not; cannot afford to; must ~
170	割に	wari ni	considering ~; for ~; despite ~
171	わざと	wazato	on purpose; intentionally~
172	わざわざ	wazawaza	to go to the trouble of
173	よりも	yorimo	rather than~; more than
174	ようがない	you ga nai	there is no way to; it's impossible to ~
175	ような気がする	you na ki ga suru	have a feeling that; feels like; seems like
176	ように	you ni	in order to, so that ~
177	ように見える	you ni mieru	to look; to seem; to appear ~
178	ようとしない	you to shinai	not try to; not make an effort to ~
179	ようとする	you to suru	try to; attempt to; be about to
180	ずに	zuni	without doing ~
181	ずにはいられない	zuni wa irarenai	can't help but feel; can't help but do
182	ずつ	zutsu	apiece; each; at a time

1

上げる

ageru

to finish doing

2

あまり

amari

so much... that

3

あまりにも

amari ni mo

too...; so much... that; excessively ~

4

合う

au

do something together

5

ばいい

ba ii

should, can, it'd be good if

6

ばよかった

ba yokatta

should have, would have been better if ~

7

ば〜ほど

ba hodo

the more... the more

8

ば〜のに

ba noni

would have; should have; if only ~

9

ばかりで

bakari de

only; just (negative description)

10

ばかりでなく

bakari denaku

not only.. but also; as well as

11

べきだ

beki da

should do~; must do

12

べきではない

beki dewa nai

should not do~; must not do ~

13

別に〜ない

betsu ni nai

not really, not particularly

14

ぶりに

buri ni

for the first time in (period of time)

15

中

chuu/juu

currently; during; throughout

16

だけ

dake

as much as ~

17

だけでなく

dake de naku

not only... but also

18

だけど

dakedo

however; but

19

だらけ

darake

full of; covered with; a lot of ~

20

どんなに〜ても

donna ni temo

no matter how (much)

21

どうしても

doushitemo

no matter what; at any cost; after all

22

ふりをする

furi o suru

to pretend; to act as if ~

23

ふと

futo

suddenly; accidentally; unexpectedly

24

がち

gachi

tend to; tendency to; frequently; often ~

25

がたい

gatai

very difficult to; impossible to

26

気味

gimi

-like; -looking; -looked; tending to

27

ごとに

goto ni

each; every; at intervals of

28

ほど

hodo

degree; extent; bounds; upper limit

29

ほど〜ない

hodo nai

is not as... as

30

一度に

ichido ni

all at once

31

いくら〜ても

ikura~temo

no matter how ~

32

一方だ

ippou da

more and more; continue to

33

一体

ittai

emphasis; what on earth?

34

じゃない

janai

maybe; most likely; confirmation

35

か何か

ka nani ka

or something

36

かける

kakeru

half-; not yet finished; in the middle of ~

37

から〜にかけて

kara ni kakete

through; from [A] to [B]

38

代わりに

kawari ni

instead of; in exchange for ~

39

結果

kekka

as a result of; after

40

結局

kekkyoku

after all; eventually; in the end

41

決して〜ない

kesshite nai

never; by no means

42

切れない

kirenai

unable to do; too much to finish

43

きり

kiri

only; just; since; after

44

切る

kiru

to do something completely to the end

45

つけ

kke

casual suffix to confirm something

46

込む

komu

Move inside; do a long time

47

こそ

koso

for sure; precisely; definitely

48

こと

koto

(must) do

49

ことから

koto kara

from the fact that ~

50

ことになっている

koto ni natteiru

to be expected to; it has been decided ~

51

ことはない

koto wa nai

there is no need to; no possibility that ~

52

ことは〜が

koto wa~ga

although; but

53

くらい・ぐらい

kurai / gurai

approximately; about; to the extent

54

くせに

kuse ni

although; despite the fact that ~

55

まるで

maru de

as if; as though; just like

56

まさか

masaka

there's no way; that's impossible

57

めったに〜ない

metta ni nai

hardly; rarely; seldom

58

も〜ば〜も

mo~ba~mo

and; also; as well; either/or; neither

59

もしかしたら

moshika shitara

perhaps; maybe; perchance; by chance

60

もしも〜たら

moshimo tara

if; in the case; supposing ~

61

向け

muke

intended for; aimed at ~

62

向き

muki

suitable for ~

63

むしろ

mushiro

rather; instead; better

64

ながらも

nagara mo

but; although; despite

65

ないことはない

nai koto wa nai

can do~; is not impossible to~

66

ないと

naito

must do; unless/if you don't~

67

なかなか

nakanaka

quite~; pretty~; rather~; just not ~

68

なんか/ なんて

nanka / nante

examples; modesty; make light of~

69

直す

naosu

to do something again; to do over

70

なるべく

naru beku

as much as possible

71

なぜなら

nazenara

because; the reason is

72

んだって

ndatte

I hear that; heard that ~

73

に違いない

ni chigai nai

I'm sure/certain; no doubt that

74

に反して

ni hanshite

against; contrary to; in contrast to

75

にかけて

ni kakete

over (a period); concerning; regarding ~

76

に関する

ni kan suru

about; regarding; related to

77

にかわって

ni kawatte

instead of~; replacing~; on behalf of ~

78

に比べて

ni kurabete

compared to~; in comparison to~

79

に慣れる

ni nareru

to be used to something

80

において

ni oite

in; at (place); regarding~; as for ~

81

にしたがって

ni shitagatte

as; therefore; in accordance with

82

にしても

ni shite mo

even if; even though; regardless of

83

にしては

ni shite wa

for; considering it's

84

に対して

ni taishite

towards; against; regarding ~

85

にとって

ni totte

to; for; concerning; regarding

86

について

ni tsuite

concerning; regarding; about; on

87

につれて

ni tsurete

as; in proportion to; with; as... then...

88

には

ni wa

for the purpose of; in order to ~

89

によると/によれば

ni yoru to/ni yoreba

according to

90

によって / による

ni yotte / ni yoru

by means of; due to; because of ~

91

のでしょうか

no deshou ka

ask a question in a polite way

92

を中心に

o chuushin ni

focused on; centered on

93

をはじめ

o hajime

for example; starting with

94

を込めて

o komete

filled with; full of

95

を通じて/を通して

o tsuujite/o tooshite

through; via; throughout; by

96

おかげで

okage de

thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...

97

っぱなし

ppanashi

leaving (something) on / still in use

98

っぽい

ppoi

seems; somewhat; -ish; easily does ~

99

さえ

sae

even; so much as; not even

100

さえ〜ば

sae ba

if only; as long as

101

際に

sai ni

when; at the time of; in the case of

102

最中に

saichuu ni

while; during; in the middle of

103

さらに

sara ni

furthermore; again; more and more

104

さて

sate

conjunction: well; now; then

105

せいで

sei de

because of; due to; as a result of ~

106

せいぜい

seizei

at the most; at best; to the utmost

107

しばらく

shibaraku

for a moment; for a while

108

しかない

shikanai

have no choice but ~

109

そのために

sono tame ni

hence; for that reason; because of ~

110

それとも

soretomo

or; or else

111

そうもない

sou mo nai

very unlikely to~; showing no signs of ~

112

すでに

sude ni

something has already been done

113

すなわち

sunawachi

in other words; namely

114

数量+は

suuryou + wa

at least

115

たものだ

ta mono da

used to do; would often do

116

たとたん

ta totan

as soon as; just as

117

たびに

tabi ni

whenever; every time

118

ために

tame ni

for; in order to; for the benefit of

119

確かに

tashika ni

surely, certainly

120

たて

tate

just done; freshly done; newly done

121

たとえ〜ても

tatoe temo

even if... is the case

122

例えば

tatoeba

for example

123

たって

tatte

even if; even though; no matter how

124

てばかりいる

te bakari iru

only; nothing but

125

てごらん

te goran

(please) try to; (please) look

126

てはじめて

te hajimete

not until; only after [x] did I

127

てからでないと

te kara de nai to

must first do; cannot do without ~

128

てしょうがない

te shou ga nai

can't help but~; very; extremely

129

て済む

te sumu

sufficient by; resolve by ~

130

てはいけないから

te wa ikenai kara

in order to not ~

131

ている場合じゃない

teiru baai janai

this is no time to be doing ~

132

的

teki

change noun into na-adjective or adverb

133

ても始まらない

temo hajimaranai

even if you... it's no use

134

てもかまわない

temo kamawanai

it doesn't matter if ~

135

てもしょうがない

temo shou ga nai

there's no point to~; it's no use to ~

136

と言えば

to ieba

speaking of; when you talk of~

137

といい/たらいい

to ii / tara ii

it would be nice if; should; I hope ~

138

といっても

to ittemo

although I say; although one might say ~

139

ということだ

to iu koto da

I heard; it means~; in other words ~

140

というのは

to iu nowa

this means~; because~; that is to say

141

と言うと

to iu to

speaking of; when you say ~

142

というより

to iu yori

rather than ~

143

とみえる/とみえて

to mieru / to miete

it seems that ~

144

とすれば

to sureba

in the case of~; assuming~; if A then B

145

と共に

to tomo ni

together with; at the same time as

146

途中で

tochuu de

on the way; in the middle of ~

147

ところで

tokoro de

by the way

148

ところが

tokoro ga

even so; however; even though ~

149

とおりに

toori ni

in the same way as; in the way; as ~

150

通す

toosu

to do until the end; to continually do

151

として

toshite

as; in the role of ~

152

とても〜ない

totemo~nai

cannot possibly be; hardly ~

153

とは限らない

towa kagiranai

not necessarily so; is not always true

154

つい

tsui

accidentally; unintentionally

155

ついに

tsui ni

finally~; at last ~; in the end

156

ついでに

tsuide ni

while, incidentally, at the same time

157

つまり

tsumari

in other words; in summary; in short

158

つもりだった

tsumori datta

I thought I~; I believe I did ~

159

つもりで

tsumori de

with the intention of doing ~

160

うちに

uchi ni

while; before~

161

上で

ue de

upon; after; when; for; in order to

162

上に

ue ni

as well; not only... but also

163

は別として

wa betsu toshite

aside from; whether or not ~

164

はもちろん

wa mochiron

not to mention; not only; but also

165

は〜で有名

wa~de yuumei

famous for ~

166

わけだ

wake da

for that reason; no wonder

167

わけではない

wake dewa nai

it doesn't mean that ~

168

わけがない

wake ga nai

there is no way that ~

169

わけにはいかない

wake niwa ikanai

must not; cannot afford to; must ~

170

割に

wari ni

considering ~; for ~; despite ~

171

わざと

wazato

on purpose; intentionally~

172

わざわざ

wazawaza

to go to the trouble of

173

よりも

yorimo

rather than~; more than

174

ようがない

you ga nai

there is no way to; it's impossible to ~

175

ような気がする

you na ki ga suru

have a feeling that; feels like; seems like

176

ように

you ni

in order to, so that ~

177

ように見える

you ni mieru

to look; to seem; to appear ~

178

ようとしない

you to shinai

not try to; not make an effort to ~

179

ようとする

you to suru

try to; attempt to; be about to

180

ずに

zuni

without doing ~

181

ずにはいられない

zuni wa irarenai

can't help but feel; can't help but do

182

ずつ

zutsu

apiece; each; at a time